Women Missionaries to Latin America

Microhistories from Chile, Bolivia, and Peru
and their Connection to St. Louis

EXHIBIT BY DACKERIE BOWES

Sisters of the Most Precious Blood of O’Fallon ; Archdiocese of Saint Louis Archive.

“May Mary, who under the title of Our Lady of Guadalupe has been declared Patroness of all the Americas, continue to keep this work under her loving care.”

Read: Rev. John J. Carberry, Archbishop of Saint Louis, June 3, 1968

(Archdiocese of Saint Louis Archive; Latin American Apostolate – Correspondence 1968-1969).

Women Missionaries to Latin America

Microhistories from Chile, Bolivia, and Peru
and their Connection to St. Louis

In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Latin America emerged as a vital horizon for Catholic missionary expansion. The Catholic Church called for this familiar frontier to be reimagined through new devotional, institutional, and transnational ties. For Sisters in the United States, Latin American countries like Chile, Bolivia, and Peru were not distant abstractions, but places where faith could be renewed, societies founded, and vocations multiplied. Latin America represented both need and possibility, a space where the Church called for presence, and where women became indispensable agents of evangelization, education, and continuity.
At the center of this exhibit are the women themselves. The missionary sisters who traveled south from the United States were not passive participants in a broader clerical project, but protagonists who built, sustained, and interpreted the missions they inhabited. Their lives unfold in letters, biographies, and reports that speak not in individual voices alone, but as a collective “we,” a community that remembers, reflects, celebrates, and gives meaning to its own history.

Lauritas Sister of Colombia with Children ; Archdiocese of Saint Louis Archive.

The documents preserved in the St. Louis Visitation, Society of the Sacred Heart, Archdiocesan, and Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet Archives, which partner with the St. Louis Catholic Archives Collective, account for the founding of monasteries, the rhythms of daily devotional life, the struggles of illness and distance, and the quiet labors of teaching, caregiving, and spiritual formation. They also reveal how these women understood missionary work: as sacrifice, as vocation, and as participation in a global Catholic Church.
The sources gathered together in this exhibit offer a window into the world of female missionary experience. The Archdiocesan materials situate St. Louis within broader networks of Catholic connection. As the 1968 statement by Reverend John J. Carberry, Archbishop of Saint Louis, highlights, Pope Pius XII (1878-1958) called for Catholic churches around the globe to follow the instruction of Mark 16:15, to “Go out to the whole world [and] proclaim the Good News to all creation.” St. Louis has retained a significant Catholic population since its establishment as a fur trading post in the eighteenth century. Consequently, the Archdiocese of St. Louis was the first in the United States to answer this calling by establishing its Latin American Apostolate in 1956. Within the broader American and global Catholic landscapes, St. Louis stood out for its prominent population of equipped Catholics encouraged by Pius XII to connect and multiply globally. 
Masses at the Archdiocese of St. Louis on August 5, 1962, presented “Thoughts and Facts” advocating charity to support sending missionaries to Bolivia. Stating that “Latin America has one-third of the world’s Catholics, but only one-tenth of its priests,” the sermon estimated that “200,000,000 people are in danger of being lost to the Church unless their faith is made to live again.” In St. Louis, clergy called for missionaries to serve as living representations of the Church. Three years later, Reverend Sandheinrich wrote to the Chairman of the Archdiocesan Office stating, “There are 28 Papal Volunteers working in Latin America because parishes and parish organizers of the Archdiocese of Saint Louis have made it possible.”

Nuns in Bolivia: Sister of the Most Precious Blood of O’Fallon (left) and Lauritas Sister of Colombia (right) ; Archdiocese of Saint Louis Archive.

The records at the St. Louis Visitation Archives chronicle a textured record of life in Latin American foundations. Written in French, Spanish, and English, these documents move fluidly across linguistic and geographic boundaries, mirroring the transnational reality of the communities they describe. One salient feature across the Visitation sources is the persistent use of the collective voice. The Visitation Sisters on mission did not write as individuals, but as a unified community. This framing transforms everyday life into a shared history remembered together. It is important to note that these records are not letters of correspondence, but annual letters and announcements that were sent to all the Visitation Houses in the world. In this sense, the texts at the St. Louis Visitation Archives are not simply records, but constructions of self-definition intermingling on a global scale.
St. Louis was a crucial hub in the network of women-led missions to Latin America. Far from being a peripheral sending ground, it functioned as a center for coordination, education, and material support. Letters to and from St. Louis detailed the preparation of supplies, the provision of monetary support, the training of religious personnel, and the ongoing communication that sustained connections across continents. When writing back, societies shared news of professions, baptisms, liturgical celebrations, festive days, and local encounters that shaped their evolving identities.
One significant quality of the sources chosen for this exhibit is their reflective nature. They do not merely record events; they interpret them. Whether recounting the death of a beloved sister, the profession of vows, or the visit of a bishop or cleric, the writers consistently frame their experiences within a larger narrative of divine purpose. Memory becomes a form of devotion, and storytelling a means to construct communal identity. The texts are not just historical records, but acts of meaning-making, through which women religious articulated their place in both local and global histories of Catholicism.
By positioning Latin America at the center of this story and foregrounding the voices of women who carried out missions, this exhibit highlights a form of religious globalization that was deeply embodied, relational, and interpretive. It also reveals the significance of St. Louis as a connective hub and spiritual anchor for many of the women who carried Catholicism across the Americas. In Chile, Bolivia, and Peru, their manners of seeing, remembering, and making meaning were enacted, lived, contested, and continually reimagined.

Three Lauritas Sisters of Colombia in Puerto del Sol, Tiawanaco, Bolivia ; Archdiocese of Saint Louis Archive

WOMEN MISSIONARIES TO CHILE, BOLIVIA, AND PERU

CHILE

This exhibit follows the journey of Anna du Rousier (1806-1880) from Poitou, France to Saint Charles, Missouri and Santiago, Chile.

BOLIVIA

This exhibit recounts the experiences of missionaries in La Paz in 1960 through artifacts of the Sisters of the Most Precious Blood of O'Fallon.

PERU

This exhibit surveys the Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet who answered a call to sow and cultivate seeds of the Congregation in Peru (1962-1987).

Thank you to Caitlin Stamm, the Associate Dean for Distinctive Collections & Digital Services at Saint Louis University and Mary Dunn, the Director of Saint Louis University’s Center for Research on Global Catholicism, for overseeing this project; Anna Katharina Rudolph, who began the research and planning for this exhibit; August Mierek and Thomas Finan, for their technological expertise that permitted this exhibit to exist digitally; and the SCAC archival partners who guided my research process: Rena Schergen of the Archdiocese of Saint Louis Archives; Amanda Gesiorski of the St. Louis Visitation Archives; Michael Pera of the Society of the Sacred Heart Archives; and Catherine Lucy, Director of the Carondelet Consolidated Archives. 

      Dackerie Bowes

      PhD Student, History, Saint Louis University | dackerie.bowes@slu.edu